English for Special purposes program design Assignment

English for Special purposes program plan - Assignment Example As far as learning the language it is a major gathering. Explicit encouraging procedures ought to be applied to the understudies of such an amount so as to make the learning successful. Specialization of the gathering that the current program is intended for is Information Technologies, especially Informatics and Programming. The degree of English is Low to Intermediate. The understudies should have essential language capability preceding the investigation of English for Science and Technology (EST). An understudy ought to likewise be prepared into dealing with aptitudes, capacities and capability that plainly have a place with the space of general English. The main wellspring of syntax that this program is intended to utilize is English Grammar In Use with Answers and CD ROM: A Self-study Reference and Practice Book for Intermediate Students of English (Grammar being used) (Paperback), a book by Raymond Murphy. Another course book that will be utilized during the program of EST is Specialized English by Comfort, Hick and Savage. This book is expected to help understudies in learning English for use in specialized territories. The understudies will utilize this book in the wake of finishing and breezing through the assessment on Murphy, the past reading material. The motivation to utilize the books individually is because of the way that Specialized English is intended to be utilized with past information on the language. Anyway this book requires understanding fundamental English, it is planned explicitly for EST purposes and that is the reason even in the event that the understudies won't breeze through the syntactic assessment, it won't frustrate the learning of the specialized English. Furthermore, unique jargon is intended for understudies with Information Technology specialization so they would be capable in their field. The focused on understudies need to know explicit jargon and that is the explanation that a rundown of thousand words has been created to acquaint understudies with the subject. English for Science and Technology (EST) requires explicit showing methodologies and learning exercises to convey the information to understudies. Basically, EST wipes out showing casual language and doesn't incorporate the entire scope of language necessities that a customary student of ESL has. For motivations behind current program, an understudy ought to have the option to peruse writing relating to his subject, to examine it with his associates, to give addresses and compose his own articles in English. Anyway the degree of English would be fundamental, that would let the understudy to mirror their thoughts without applying rich jargon, yet with an information on logical words.Here are a couple of explicit terms that the jargon will include: complete quality administration, absolute quality control; all out beneficial support; plan to cost, life cycle cost; simultaneous designing ; venture the executives; efficiency enhancements; displaying; how undertakings acclimate to ecologi cal issues; master frameworks; multi-innovation frameworks and so on. (3) various educating strategi

The context of international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The setting of worldwide business - Essay Example The organization was established by Jack Cohen in the year 1919, the quantity of stores as on April 2012 happens to be 6,351 stores. (Burgemeister, 2003, p. 192). The complete income of the organization happens to be ?64.539 billion as on 2012. The all out piece of the pie in U.K. is 30.2%. The major worldwide contenders of the organization are Walmart, Carrefour, Aldi, Royal Ahold and Metro. Recognizing the company’s primary drivers of getting to outside business sectors utilizing hypotheses of FDI represents remote direct venture. There are different hypotheses of FDI like the item life cycle hypothesis, internationalization and diverse worldview hypothesis of the OLI outline work. Among these the internationalization hypothesis has been utilized to distinguish the key drives. The internationalization hypothesis expresses that an organization working in a developed economy needs to extend the skyline past the neighborhood market to get upper hand and economies of scale. In t he mid 90s Tesco was lingering behind Sainsbury’s as the second biggest retailer in the nation and the tasks of the nation was exposed to the U.K. showcase as it were. In any case, the worldwide monetary changes couples with the drive to turn into a worldwide significant retailer asked Tesco to enter the worldwide market. The main period of internationalization started as Tesco entered Hungary in 1994. From that point forward there has been no turning around, obviously there has been sure issues in nations like France, yet taking a gander at the general viewpoint the outcomes represent themselves. Today Tesco is biggest retailer in U.K. furthermore, the third biggest retailer on the planet directly after Wal-Mart and Carrefour. For the most part Tesco is a general product and basic food item retailer and works as following the business to shopper structure. Outside Environment Analysis External or full scale ecological elements are those that can't be constrained by an associ ation but then the modus operand of an association gets seriously influenced by the progressions or improvements in the outer condition. The primary outer natural elements incorporate political, financial, social and mechanical components. In any case, the lawful components are likewise to be incorporated. Bit, since the vast majority of the lawful lawmaking bodies in a nation are created by the administration itself the lawful elements are thus remembered for the political variables. Here it is to be included that Tesco entered in U.S. in the year 2007. In this way the PEST investigation has been founded on the outer ecological circumstance in 2007 - 2008 in particular (Henry, 2008, p. 89). Political United States has consistently been a politically steady nation. What's more, the legislatures in U.S. have consistently invited business speculations from both nearby and global firms. Numerous authorities have labeled U.S. as an entirely steady political nation independent of the pol itical system. Presumably because of such mentality of the political pioneers of the nation the nation has gotten probably the most grounded economy on the planet. As referenced before as far the administrative framework goes the nation as referenced has a business well disposed lawful condition inviting speculations. Legitimate and Regulatory changes during the 1970s really brought about de-guideline in different divisions and improved rivalry and proficiency.

Become Productive Using CDW Cloud Collaboration

Become Productive Using CDW Cloud Collaboration Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!Become Productive Using CDW Cloud CollaborationUpdated On 07/10/2019Author : Ram kumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : http://hbb.me/1Pkk8U2 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogOnline business is something which everyone should try before they die. Not because we can make easy money with it.Its because we can become productive with it. Now we are going to see about CDW and their Cloud Collaboration, to know why this is a MUST for your businesss secure future.CDW Cloud Collaboration and Why You Should Try ItTo make it short, itll help you to create a better communication for your better. You might be having a team, say 10-15 members and you need to connect with them for various reasons now and then. Now this CDW Cloud Collaboration should be a life-saver here. Theyunify all the communication channels of your business and bring them into one seamlessly integrated system. By this you can save time and concentrate more on your business instead. You dont need to worry about devices, because they are compatible with all the leading PCs, Mobile and Tablets.Cloud collaboration is nothing but the combinination of multiple communication tools in the cloud, which will be easy for the team members to collaborate and share.CDW has been a part of 4000 and more Cisco Unified Communications deployments over the last 10 years. They have their own Tier III-IV facility, which runs 8.2 megawatts of power in a 485,000 square-foot data center. To learn more about their company you can check out CDWs Solutions blog.READIntroduction To Cloud Computing Amazon Web Services [SLIDE]Using Cloud Computing on your business makes it more accessible to everyone, people can access it on any device. For those who are not familiar withCloud computing, itis the use of computingresources that are delivered as a service over a Internet.How CDW Cloud Collaboration Works?You can refer this You Tube video below to see how seamlessly it works.Now if you want to upgrade your business, make it professional and serious, then you can implement CDW Cloud Collaboration. According to your business and company strength their pricing and package varies.

Reflections on the Mozart Effect - 487 Words

Reflections Upon the Mozart Effect Based on my experiences and outside knowledge regarding music and wellness, I would have to agree with the presences and the results of the Mozart Effect. Years ago, I went to a lecture called Music Wellness and since then have come across several, well researched documentaries with high production value describing the connections between music and human development. There is now definitive evidence that music affects the brain and the development in numerous, mostly healthy and helpful ways. While the Mozart Effect seems to centralized in affecting functioning and intelligence, the music quite likely also affects mood and brain chemistry. Professionals in a variety of fields including in areas of music, biological science, neuroscience, musicology, and other areas where science, health, and music overlap, have discovered how music assists in the production of specific endorphins and other assorted neurochemicals that are helpful and healthy for human intelligence, human mental hea lth, and human physical health. Therefore, there is little doubt in my mind that the Mozart Effect is real and that the results produced are substantial. The successful composition and performance of music involves numerous aspects and use of both hemispheres of the brain. Why should the enjoyment, appreciation, or listening of music not produce similar effects throughout the entire brain as well? That is to say that music in general is an activity,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Psychology: The Mozart Effect1332 Words   |  6 Pagesevaluate the questionable validity of the â€Å"Mozart Effect†. The Mozart Effect implies that playing Mozart to a baby will increase its cognitive abilities, a claim which has instigated a rapidly increasing market of â€Å"CDS to make your baby smarter†. This claim, despite having partial merit and widespread popular acceptance, is fundamentally incorrect. Through the analysis of various attempted replication studies, it is abundantly clear that the ‘Mozart Effect’ is a falsehood. This is evidenced by: theRead More Musics Effect on Intelligence Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMusi cs Effect on Intelligence Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation. Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. With all of this in mind, how can one connect music with intellect? Many recent research studies focusRead MoreThe Importance of Function Over Form in the Classical Concerto1406 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter that embodied the natural. Though the series of changes from the Baroque concerto grosso to the Classical concerto were gradual and cannot be attributed to a single composer, the Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor K. 466 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a skillful representation of the genre in that era. Of particular interest in this concerto is the treatment of sonata form in the first movement. When compared to other instrumental genres of that era, there is a tangible divide between theRead MoreBest Ways To Study Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesflashcards utilizes an individuals metacognitive faculties (Cohen, 2017). When the back of the flashcards is revealed which are the answers and a person tend to compare his answers to the flashcards and how it differs from the flashcard s. This reflection is a metacognition and research say that metacognition helps memories stick longer in the brain (Cohen, 2017) The last reason why flashcards are a good method to study is because is practices confidence based repetition. Since flashcards are veryRead MoreJohann Von Beethoven : The Greatest Paradox Of The Realm Of Music1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdebut playing a small portion of a composition by Mozart whom he would eventually go to Vienna to seek praise from, and praise he would indeed receive. It is under speculation whether or not Beethoven received any instruction from Mozart, due to his mother’s unexpected death which called him almost immediately back to Germany. However, â€Å"On the other hand, other biographers claim, perhaps more convincingly, that Beethoven was indeed a pupil of Mozart s but only for a period of four months and the subjectRead MoreThe Contribution Of Franz Schubert872 Words   |  4 Pagesillness which caused his dead when he was too young, Schubert’s devoted music works and talent contributed a lot for our music world back then and now. Franz Peter Schubertwas born in Vienna, where all the famous composer, such as Beethoven, Hummel, Mozart or Haydn, had been born in it. This thing helped Schubert to receive many benefits due to its musical offering. His father, Franz Theodorwas a schoolmaster and an amateur musician back then.Theodor met his mom Elisabeth Vietz, who is locksmith andRead MoreMozart, Also Known As Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus1789 Words   |  8 PagesMozart, also known as Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer who was recognized as one of the greatest composers of the Western Hemisphere. Mozart was considered equal to Haydn and beethoven for he improved upon the Viennese Musical School. Some of the things that made Mozart different from other composers was that he wrote and practiced all genres of music, and was quite skilled at it as well. He also had a great amount of skill in his every one of the genres he has practicedRead More Classical Music Essay2395 Words   |  10 PagesThe classical music period extends from 1740 to 1810, which includes the music of Haydn, Mozart, and the first period of Beethoven. The classical period of music combined harmony, melody, rhythm, and orchestration more effectively than earlier periods of music. With the natural evolution of music slowly changing with the culture, the baroque era had ended. That era had left a structure, articulation and periodic phrasing of music which would shape classical music. Among the many musical typesRead MoreThe Opinion : Post Truth And Its Effect On Our Political Society1060 Words   |  5 Pagestruth and its effect on our political society, the different argument types and how they correlate to ‘alternative facts’. Everyone has an opinion. Some opinions rely on reason and critical inquiry – these factors make it easier for the arguer to defend his / her opinion because they have a reasonable basis for it; whilst, other opinions reflect on nothing more than emotions: lacks thought and fall apart with minimal reflection. (in text reference). Social media is the true reflection of what peopleRead MoreThe Effect of Classical Music on Exam Scores Essays2757 Words   |  12 Pagessenses by music. It has been suggested that classical music, due to its soothing tones and slow-tempo, results in relaxation and increased ability to focus on a given task. Utilizing music in the testing environment may result in a more accurate reflection of cognitive ability and enhanced performance on testing results (Saunderson, 2013). This study will focus on the potential benefit of classical background music upon a students’ ability to perform multidisciplinary reasoning. Quantitative

The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children - 1359 Words

Khan, Mohammad Salman English 1001 Rebekah Barton 5/4/2015 Effects of Violent Video Games â€Å"Boom! Headshot† â€Å"Time to kill that commie bastard† these are not from some war movies or documentaries. These are the dialogues of some recent games in market. In modern age, children often feel proud about the number of people or enemy they managed to kill when they are playing these games in various console. While even a decade before, this would not be the normal past time of an eleven year old teenage kid, but because of the improvement of technology they are seeing this type of violent activity as just another way to pass their leisure time. Against these incidents video game violence has been an important topic for years among the socially aware parents and media. Since the evolvement of old fashioned technology, classic computer games such as Super Mario, Pac man has also been replaced by games such as ‘Call of Duty’, ‘Grand Theft Auto’, ‘Mafia’, ‘Mortal Combat’ etc. where killing, shooting, fighting mostly violence is being used as the medium. Studies showed, among people who play video games in United States, the largest number of percentage is children, These violent acts affects children’s mind and behavior in very negative way and causing so much physical and mental problem, though studies also showed that some video games are also very helpful for kids to enhance their ability and skills. As video games and industries has gone far more away at this Khan 2 -age ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1074 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Games. Anderson et al. (2008), Anderson et al. (2010), Browne and Hamilton-Giachritsis (2005), Erwin and Morton (2008), Gentile and Stone (2005), and Jason et al. (2005) revealed a correlation between violent video games with immediate and later aggressive behavior. All of the research for the effects of violent videos games are conducted on older children and current research has not yet studied young children or preschoolers. It is important to note what research exclaims about the long-termRead MoreViolent Video Games Effect On Children1654 Words   |  7 Pagessamples of the dialog talked between kids who play games such as like â€Å"Call of Duty† or â€Å"Halo†. In today s age, kids frequently boast about the quantity of players they figured out how to kill while playing these video games. Two decades ago, this would not be the typical waste of time of an eleven year old, yet now kids are seeing this kind of brutal movement as simply one more approach to take a break on a Saturday morning. Since the video game market is blastin g at this moment because of progressiveRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Children934 Words   |  4 Pagestodays’ society is Violent video games effect negatively on youngsters. This issue is growing because many of these games are featured aggressive elements that lead youngsters towards violence. For most players, video games are fun but also violent games take over the lives of some player. Since the world of video games was started in the 1980s, the video games still getting new level of popularity in this world. Most people are getting really addictive of these violent video games. The first importantRead MoreViolent Video Games and Their Effect on Children2104 Words   |  9 PagesProfessor Colbert English 128-03 7 April 2010 Violent Video Games and Their Effect on Children Ever since the creation of the first video game, they have had a certain effect on the individuals who play them. As video games have become more advanced and elaborate, children’s interest is at an all time high. With the degree of violence that has been a part of video games since the early 1990’s, parents and activists have claimed that these games are affecting children negatively. This claim only seems toRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages† Studies has shown that children that play violent video games desensitize players to real-life acts of violence, the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology says that it is a reduction in emotion-related physiological reactivity to real violence. It is also proven that people who are desensitized to violence are likely to commit a violent crime of some type. In 2011 there was a study that resulted in the finding of a link between the exposure of violent video games a nd an increase in aggressionRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children2016 Words   |  9 PagesMaisonneuve Professor Haynes CENG 102 04 December 2015 The Effects of Violent Video Games On Children Newton N. Minow once said, â€Å"Children will watch anything, and when a broadcaster uses crime and violence and other shoddy devices to monopolize a child’s attention, it’s worse than taking candy from a baby. It is taking precious time from the process of growing up†.The media is a powerful tool that in a very influence on children. There are many things that the youth in today s society isRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1258 Words   |  6 Pagesminutes into playing a violent video game the average person becomes desensitized to the fact that they are killing someone. Now it it may seem like nothing when you play these games. But when people, especially children play them often it starts to become the only thing that they think about. Even if it is â€Å"just a character† in a game it becomes so to them to pull that trigger. I’ve witnessed this happen in my own household and I don’t hesitate to say: violent v ideo games are poisonous to the brainRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children1790 Words   |  8 PagesGaming the Violent Life Throughout recent years there has been many stories, well, more like excuses that adolescents have blamed violent video games for their violent behaviors. Can children truly use this as their excuse anymore? Many studies on this subject have recently been in the spotlight over the concern of young violent offenders, with numerous governing leaders and child developmental specialist concerned whether violent video games are the true cause of violence in children. With the growingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children902 Words   |  4 Pagesrestless minds. Violent video games are a conflict in modern day society because children are witnessing harsh behaviors that are conditioning them to believe it is acceptable to commit these actions displayed before their eyes. There are many health effects that are involved with participating in these products of entertainment such as an increase in aggression, poor social skills and the formation of terrible habits. The ideas that will be discussed in this essay will pertain to how children are becomingRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Children Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagestoday’s society are adamant about their teenagers refraining from playing violent video games. Specifically, parents worry about their children playing mature-rated video games that feature blood, gore, vulgar language, use of drugs, and intense violence. Quite a few of these parents believe that their children can be heavily influenced by these brutal video games, which will in turn raise their teenagers to become violent, aggressive, and criminal minded individuals. In hindsight, these parents

Essay on The End of Innocence in Lord of the Flies

The End of Innocence in Lord of the Flies William Golding wrote the novel Lord of the Flies to trace the defects of society back to the defects of human nature.(Golding) He wanted to show that humans naturally live in savagery and ignorance with little knowledge on how to live together peacefully. To accomplish his premise Golding strands a group of boys on an island who then must set up government in an attempt to survive. The story uses heavy symbolism to compare the life on the island to the entire civilization of the world. Each character on the island represents one aspect of civilized society; those who represent uninhibited man survive and those who represent intellectual or spiritual man die. One of the more†¦show more content†¦Simon is not afraid of the jungle because he does not fear the beast. He knows the real beast cannot be escaped from or fought with spears and rocks: maybe he said hesitantly maybe there is a beast...maybe its only us.(P97) Simon knows that the real beast cannot be ...satiated with sacrifice and dance. The beast is a part of everyone, a part of human nature. (Dickey) Simon wants nothing more than to tell the others but to talk in assembly was a terrible thing to him.(P97) Simon lives in fear, he is afraid that if he tells the others that they will turn against him, he knows his society would not except him and so he remains quiet. Golding makes several references to Simons spirituality; he is comparable to Christ, an often-misunderstood savior. Simons secret place is a sort of holy sanctuary: ... the butterflies danced in the middle their unending dance. He knelt down and the arrow of sun fell on him.(146) Like Christ, Simon is doing the work of God, when the arrow of light falls on him a sign from the heavens is being conveyed. Like Christ, Simon is tempted by evil, in a vision the Lord of the Flies told him: Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! ... You knew didnt you? Im part of you? ... Get back to the others and we will forget the whole thing.(158) Simon however does not give in. When the twins, Sam and EricShow MoreRelated Themes in Lord of the Flies Essay682 Words   |  3 Pages William Goldning’s Lord of the Flies is an allegorical novel where literary techniques are utilized to convey the main ideas and themes of the novel. Two important central themes of the novel i ncludes loss of civilization and innocense which tie into the concept of innate human evil. Loss of civilization is simply the transition from civilization to savagery; order to chaos. The concept of loss of innocense is a key concept to innate human evil because childhood innocense is disrupted as the groupRead MoreComparison of Lord of the Flies with Peter Pan1716 Words   |  7 Pages The Boys The books â€Å"Lord of the Flies† by William Golding, and â€Å"Peter Pan† by J.M. Barrie, have similar characteristics that will be compared and contrasted in this paper. â€Å"Lord of the Flies† takes place on a deserted island where about 20 British boys have crashed during World War II. Peter Pan, dissimilarly, tells the tale of a boy who doesn’t want to grow up and lives on the magical island of Neverland with the Lost Boys. Both Lord of the Flies and Peter Pan have common themes, symbolsRead MoreKindness in an Unkind World1228 Words   |  5 PagesBeing a kind-hearted person in a savage world is not an easy thing to do. The savage world will usually get through to the kind person and change them into a monster, but not Simon. Throughout William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, Simon is the boy who remains good even when the rest of the world remains cruel. Simon is a quiet boy in the story who shows wisdom and civilization, on an uncivil ized and savage island. Simon is first introduced when Ralph calls an assembly with the conch in theRead MoreEssay about Lord of the Flies by William Golding1325 Words   |  6 Pagesof society, humans are capable of committing actions that they would have never thought possible.   Lord of the Flies focuses on a group of boys who are alone on an island without authority. The novel reveals what can become of humanity without the presence of authority.   In Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the protagonist Ralph symbolizes leadership, civilization,   as well as the loss of innocence.   Ralph is the closest resemblance to authority that the boys have on the island.   His appearanceRead MoreThe Human Tendency Towards War Exemplified in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies695 Words   |  3 Pageskeep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war . . .† (Hobbes 64). Thomas Hobbes, an enlightenment thinker, believes that humans are born evil, and without a good leade r, everything will turn into chaos. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies rightly gives examples on Hobbes’ viewpoint. Throughout the story, it shows the process in which the boys slowly loses their civilized self and turn into savages, how the boys would do anything just for survival or just purely entertainment.Read MoreThe Genesis of Evil in Lord of the Flies1005 Words   |  5 Pages William Golding analyzes this further in his novel, Lord of the Flies, which is about a large group of boys that crash-land on a deserted Island after fleeing a dangerous England in the times of WWII. These young boys are used to entertain the idea of savagery vs. civilization and how evil lies deep within us all. After reading Lord of the Flies, it is possible that the evil within the boys is driven by fear, power, and the loss of innocence. To begin, fear is portrayed in one of the â€Å"Bigguns†Read MoreLoss of Innocence757 Words   |  4 PagesIt has been said that innocence can be defined as the state or quality of being morally free from guilt or sin, through lack of knowledge of evil. I will examine pieces of literature that convey the loss of innocence to either a particular person, or a group of people. The first piece of writing I have chosen is, The Lord of the Flies by William Golding. In the middle of a war, a plane carrying a group of schoolboys crashed onto an island. The pilot had been killed, so that left the boys to fendRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding1206 Words   |  5 Pageshead when drastic situations arise. We see this primal characteristic of brutality slowly take hold of the boys on the island until the ‘Lord of the Flies’ has claimed it’s latest victims. Not only Simon and Piggy, but all the boys on the island. Throughout the novel, we see all the boys go from having fun and exhibiting civilized behavior to losing control at the end. â€Å"You knew, didn’t you? I’m part of you.† (Golding p.143 lines 24-25). The onset of this novel was introduced as innocent as could beRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding1257 Words   |  6 Pages LOTF: Good vs Evil Change is inevitable. In Lord of the Flies, three of the characters represent how the human condition can change. Each character handles situations and conditions differently. Their conflicts challenge their existence and eventually lead to their demise. In Lord of the Flies, during the wage of war between good and evil, the true face of everyone is revealed, whether it be Roger, Simon, or the children as a group. There are a lot of ways that good and evil are representedRead MoreLord Of The Flies : Human Savagery And The Flow Of Power1592 Words   |  7 PagesLord of the Flies is a chilling work about human savagery and the flow of power. Golding uses symbolism, characterization, and description to illustrate the occurrences and the underlying themes in the novel. The work has an ominous but irresistible tone that Golding lays out through his description of the island. Golding makes the island seem sinister and irresistible by writing,† The shore was fledged with palm trees. These stood or leaned or reclined against the light and their green feathers

BHP Billiton Strategic Analysis-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analysis the Strategy of BHP Billiton. Answer: Introduction Purpose of the report The report has been prepared to carry out a study on the internal and external environmental evaluation of the Australian conglomerate BHP Billiton. Company Snapshot BHP Billiton is an Anglo-Australian multinational metal, mining, and petroleum Dual-listed Company that was floated in the year 2001 by a merger between Anglo-Dutch Billiton plc., and Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP). The Australian-registered BHP Billiton Ltd. is registered on the ASE or the Australian Stock Exchange and the English BHP Billiton plc. is registered on the LSE that is the London Stock Exchange. Both the companies continue to exist as separate legal entities but carry out their operations as a combined group under the name of BHP Billiton. The central headquarters of the conglomerate BHP Billiton is based in Melbourne, Australia (BHP Billiton, 2015). Current Trends in the Australian Steel Manufacturing Industry The Australian Iron Smelting and Steel Manufacturing Industry have shown a considerable decline in the last five years. Industry sources predict that the revenue from the industry is expected to decline at the annualized rate of 8.5% over the coming five years. The IVA or industry value-added index which measures the overall contribution of the industry to the national economy is also being expected to shrink by an annual rate of 1.9% in the next five years. A reduction in demand for steel from the downstream markets, lower prices of steel, increased competition from the substitute products and import markets have been the major cause of this decline in the recent years (Iron Smelting and Steel Manufacturing in Australia Market Research, 2016). Internal Analysis of BHP Billiton Assets The BHP operates a large variety of oil and natural gas, mining, and processing operations in more than 25 countries across the world. BHP Billiton is the biggest company in terms of market capitalisation in Australia. This enhances the stakeholders and investors confidence in the company (BHP Billiton, 2015). Competencies The BHP Billiton is the worlds biggest diversified natural resources company and is engaged in mineral production and exploration. BHP is one of the largest producers of base metals, petroleum, specialty products, aluminium, diamonds, iron ore, energy coal, stainless steel, metallurgical coal, manganese, etc. in the world (BHP Billiton, 2015). BHP Billiton Share price trend The following figure shows the ten year share price trend for BHP Billiton. It is seen that BHP Billiton has seen a sharp rise in its share price from 2009 to 2013, and the share price being highest in 2011, when the profits were highest. However, a decrease in share price is seen from 2014 to 2016. A drop in share price is witnessed in 2016, due to decrease in profits and the share price is forecasted to be rising by 5% in 2017 (Stockopedia, 2015). Source: Stockopedia.com BHP Billiton Sales-Five Year Trend It is seen that BHP Billiton has witnessed highest sales in the year 2011, and since then BHP Billiton has experienced a drop in its sales. It is found that sales have been decreasing with and it is all time low in the year 2016 (Amigobulls, 2016) Source: Amigobulls.com BHP Billiton Profits: Five Year Trend The following figure shows the five year profits for BHP Billiton. All the figures are in billion. It is found that BHP Billiton has faced sharp decrease in its profits since, 2011 and the profit being lowest in 2016 and highest in 2012 (Amigobulls, 2016). Source: Amigobulls.com Strengths of BHP Billiton BHP Billiton has a product portfolio that consists of an extensive range of natural resources and holds the position among the worlds largest suppliers of silver, uranium, lead, copper, and aluminium. The company also happens to be one of the largest producers of metallurgical, coal, iron ore, and manganese (BHP Billiton, 2015). The companys energy coal section has eight operations across Australia, USA, South Africa, and South America, and provides thermal coal for general industrial uses and the electric power generation industry. This has also given the company an international presence giving a strong competitive edge over its rivals (Santos-Vijande, Lpez-Snchez, and Trespalacios, 2012). BHP Billiton has shown positive financial returns for the last ten years and through its share buyback campaigns have returned the capital to their stakeholders and investors. The profitability and the solvency ratios of the company exhibit its strong presence in the market (BHP Billiton: The future is yours, 2017). BHP Billiton has a good CSR policy and its active involvement in many social causes has given the company a positive image and added to the competitive advantage that the company enjoys over its rivals. Weaknesses of BHP Billiton The company is facing a lot of legal restrictions from the changes in laws, rules, and regulations in the country in the recent years (BHP Billiton, 2015). BHP Billiton has been facing a number of human resource issues which have affected the operational efficiency of the company. They are facing a shortage of skilled labour in many of its sectors particularly the mining section (Hesterly, and Barney, 2010). The internal and external communication of the company is very weak. The staff is not adequately trained in responding to the stakeholders queries and the media enquiries. The lack of effective corporate communication is detrimental to the growth of the company (Bourke, Smith, Stockton, and Wakefield, 2014). External Analysis of BHP Billiton Macro Analysis - PESTLE analysis Political environment analysis: A favourable political environment: BHP Billiton has been operating under a political environment which has generally been in the favour of the company. The company has received a lot of support from the government of Western Australia. The company has the advantage of being one of the biggest companies in Australia in terms of market capitalisation, which has resulted in the government support the company in many of its ventures (Clarke, and Branson, 2012). Economic factors affecting BHP Billiton: BHP Billiton like the other manufacturers is vulnerable to the economic factors like an increase in the cost of energy, labour, operations, raw materials, etc. which has a direct impact on the profits, expansion and growth plans of the company. However, the company enjoys a good credit rating as the company is one the biggest in Australia in terms of market capitalisation. Therefore, the company can improve its bottom line by its ability to raise capital at lower rates from the market. The business ventures like mining have proved to be profitable propositions, which have improved the financial standing and the brand image of the company (R, 2013). Social factors affecting BHP Billiton: The companies and businesses today are vulnerable to the socio-cultural factors of the communities they are operating from. BHP Billiton has always maintained a good rapport with the local communities it operates in and also with the local administration and has always been at the forefront of contributing to the development of the surrounding community. The company also offers good employment opportunities to the local people as it believes in hiring the local populace in its operations. This has enhanced the brand image of the company in the local communities which has given it a competitive advantage in the market (Hayes, 2014). Technological factors: Investment in the latest and cost-effective technology is one of the basic requirements of BHP Billiton to ensure safe, efficient, and to develop an ability to cope with the change in the market demand structures. The company is also dependent on the advancement in technology for the purpose of exploration and discovery of the new energy and mineral resources. The investment in technology has a major impact on the strategic drivers for BHP Billiton giving it a competitive edge in the market and improving the revenues of the company (Hogan, and Lodhia, 2011). Legal factors: BHP Billiton has always strived to comply with the laws, procedures, rules, and regulations of the country, which has ensured a positive government and local community support for the company. However, in the recent times, the company has been involved in some conflicts with the government and the administration over some issues and problems. This has acted as a deterrent in the business plans of the company and can affect its future operations (BHP Billiton: The future is yours, 2017). Environmental factors: BHP Billiton is a natural resource company and is susceptible to the public policies, laws, rules, and regulations regarding the environment. However, BHP Billiton has always followed a policy of sustainable development through its policies of causing zero harm and has even committed to the cause of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases in its operations. This has proved to be an advantage for the company as it continues to receive a lot of support from the international and national administrative authorities and local communities in its business ventures (Hayes, 2014). Micro Analysis Competitors and Strategic Advantage over Rival Companies The main rivals of BHP Billiton in Australia are multinational companies like Nippon Steel and Exxon Mobil. BHP Billitons business and competitor strategies are based on diversification by geography, commodity, and market. The companys strategy which has given it an edge over its competitors is the companys policy of holding or possessing and administering large, expandable, economical, prolonged-efficacy asset base which have been transformed by physical geography, raw material, and markets. The diversified asset base increases the flexibility of the cash flows of the company by reducing the risk of exposure to any single commodity or geographical location, enabling the company to maintain a good financial performance as compared to its competitors. BHP also has a very good CSR policy in place and makes efforts to improve the local communities and its recent environmental initiatives have made it easier to work and recruit from the local communities (Hesterly, and Barney, 2010). Opportunities The BHP Billiton group has many projects in the pipeline and if these are executed in a cost effective manner, they are likely to become good income generators for the company (Resourcing Global Growth Strategic Report, 2014). The company can use its financial credibility and its good brand name to further expand its scale of operations (Hesterly, and Barney, 2010). The company can seek out partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions with the local companies in the countries it already has its operations to further expand its business in those countries (Resourcing Global Growth Strategic Report, 2014). The BHP Billiton commitment to 5% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions can become a symbol of sustainable development for the company (BHP Billiton, 2015). Threats The developing countries in the world especially India and China are repeatedly turning to in-house manufacturing reducing the demand for BHP Billiton in the global market (Clarke, and Branson, 2012). The rising level of costs from the suppliers which includes a rise in shipping, energy, and contract labour costs, are proving a hindrance to the growth and development of the company (Hill, Jones, and Schilling, 2014). The political uncertainty and unfavourable political climate in its home country are proving detrimental to the growth of the company (Clarke, and Branson, 2012). The company is facing increasing competition from other international players like Nippon Steel, Exxon Mobil, and many more. This could become a major threat to the companys scale of operations in the coming years (Bourke, Smith, Stockton, and Wakefield, 2014). Conclusion BHP Billiton is recognized as one of the global leaders in the natural resources industry. In order to maintain its leadership position, the company is always looking for new ways to upgrade and optimize its practices and policies. However, in the recent years BHP Billiton has been dealing with strategic issues regarding uncertainty in the political and macro-economic environment, volatility in the costs of the raw materials at the manufacturing stage, complexity in operations due to the changes in the legal environment, and ambiguity in decision-making due to lack of clarity in certain variables and their role in the business strategies of the company like the change in political environment (BHP Billiton: The future is yours, 2017). To counter these strategic challenges BHP Billiton in addition to its existing policies will have to devise additional strategic planning approaches. The company will have to devise certain situational strategic planning strategies that will allow the company to develop different illustrations of the outlook and accordingly change their system of management to prepare for different outcomes in the future References BHP Billiton, 2015.BHP Billiton | Diversity a Source of Competitive Advantage. [online] Available at: https://www.bhp.com/media-and-insights/reports-and-presentations/2015/04/diversity-a-source-of-competitive-advantage [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. BHP Billiton: The future is yours, 2017,AFR Business Case Studies | [online] Available at: https://www.afrbiz.com.au/case-studies/bhp-billiton-the-future-is-yours.html?print=1tmpl=component [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Bourke, J., Smith, C., Stockton, H. and Wakefield, N., 2014.From diversity to inclusion. [online] DU Press. Available at: https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/focus/human-capital-trends/2014/hc-trends-2014-diversity-to-inclusion.html[Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Clarke, T. and Branson, D.M., 2012.The SAGE handbook of corporate governance. Sage Publications.[Online] https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7V300nO5xscCpg=PA320lpg=PA320dq=competitive+advantage+of+bhp+billiton+australiasource=blots=p76POc6dRCsig=WcsQmBdDFg8V3yvEdlVv9hgwzj8hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwj8-6648uPVAhVKsI8KHc0BBmY4FBDoAQgxMAE#v=onepageq=competitive%20advantage%20of%20bhp%20billiton%20australiaf=falsehttps://books.google.co.in/books?id=7V300nO5xscCpg=PA320lpg=PA320dq=competitive+advantage+of+bhp+billiton+australiasource=blots=p76POc6dRCsig=WcsQmBdDFg8V3yvEdlVv9hgwzj8hl=ensa=Xved=0ahUKEwj8-6648uPVAhVKsI8KHc0BBmY4FBDoAQgxMAE#v=onepageq=competitive%20advantage%20of%20bhp%20billiton%20australiaf=false[Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. [Online] https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=-jMdBQAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=PESTLE+analysis+theory+2014ots=51RjcshCTqsig=zSqC86xyCLEcxYRM2r-JlO3nO4I#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed 17 September. 2017] Hesterly, W. and Barney, J., 2010.Strategic management and competitive advantage. Pearson, ed., Pearson Prentice-Hall.[Online] https://teaching.up.edu/BUS580/bps/Barney%20and%20Hesterly,%202008,%20ch3_VRIO%20internal%20analysis.pdf [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning.[Online] https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Qy8aCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=swot+analysis+in+strategic+management+2014ots=o9jGTgLWrxsig=ntuMggMa9pS85D4xv9xZJRxa7AU#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017] Hogan, J. and Lodhia, S., 2011. Sustainability reporting and reputation risk management: an Australian case study.International Journal of Accounting Information Management,Vol.19 issue (3), pp.267-287.[Online] Available at: https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/18347641111169269[Accessed 20 Aug. 2017] Iron Smelting and Steel Manufacturing in Australia Market Research, 2016 | IBISWorld. [online] Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry-trends/market-research-reports/manufacturing/primary-metal-product/iron-smelting-steel-manufacturing.html [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. R, 2013 The WritePass Journal. [online] Available at: https://writepass.com/journal/2013/01/bhp-billiton-swot-analysis-and-porter-five-force-analysis/ [Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Resourcing Global Growth Strategic Report, 2014.[online] Available at: https://www.bhp.com/-/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonstrategicreport2015.pdf?la=en[Accessed 20 Aug. 2017]. Santos-Vijande, M.L., Lpez-Snchez, J.. and Trespalacios, J.A., 2012. How organizational learning affects a firm's flexibility, competitive strategy, and performance.Journal of Business Research,Vol. 65, Issue (8), pp.1079-1089. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296311003110

Mountain Man Brewing Company free essay sample

Prangel is facing: 1. ) Mountain Man’s current target market will not approve of this new beer, and 2. ) bringing in a light version of the Mountain Man Lager could ruin the brand image and ultimately destroy the company. Mountain Man’s biggest target market currently, and pretty much since it started in 1925, is males ages 45-54. Most of these males are blue-collar, hardworking males. It has been known as â€Å"West Virginia’s Beer† known for its authenticity, quality and its toughness. To the younger beer drinkers, the market the light beer appeals to, view Mountain Man beer as too strong and a â€Å"working man’s† beer. Not only do the younger beer drinkers have their negative thoughts about Mountain Man developed, but the blue-collar customers account for a huge percentage of sales. The brand loyalty rate for Mountain Man Lager is 53% which is higher than any of its competitors. The â€Å"light beer† appeals to the younger generation, especially the females, and Mountain Man Lager has always appealed to the older, rugged, blue-collar male. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountain Man Brewing Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The appearance of Mr. Prangel’s dilemma is very evident. Based on the evidence, Mountain Man should not introduce the light beer. The light beer industry is growing, that can’t be denied, however for Mountain Man, it is not in their best interest yet. Although the quantitative reasoning is included below, it would be in Mountain Man Brewing Company’s best interest to take the $750,000 and spend it elsewhere: create a new beer (non-light) that can appeal to more than the current target market without losing its brand image, spend more money for advertising to the younger beer-drinking market. Mountain Man Brewing Company needs to have a wider target market before introducing a completely new product that could potentially destroy the company if it were unsuccessful. THE PROS AND CONS OF INTRODUCING A LIGHT BEERThe most beneficial pro of introducing Mountain Man Light will be reaching the younger beer drinkers. It is shown that the younger beer drinkers enjoy the light beer better, and also in their twenties, usually haven’t committed to a brand yet. Mountain Man is very well-known by the younger beer drinkers, however, they tend to buy and consume in quantity; the Mountain Man Lager is not on their top preference, along with other lagers and full-flavor beers. Introducing this light beer could reach the younger beer drinkers and potentially lead to brand loyalty amongst them. A few cons could be losing brand loyalty amongst the older generation, losing sales of the Mountain Man Lager due to cannibalization, and a lower contribution margin. THE BRAND NAME OF A LIGHT BEERIf the light beer were introduced, the name Mountain Man Light is not the best option for the market Mountain Man is already in. A 53% loyalty rate is great for a company that produces one flavor of a brew. If the company that they have seen as for years as a rugged, authentic, â€Å"West Virginia’s Beer†, puts out a â€Å"light† version, its image could be lost immediately. In response to the introduction of a light beer by Mountain Man, it was the man in his fifties and early thirties that found it to be absurd. BREAK EVEN AND BREAK EVEN IN MARKET SHARE IN 2 YEARSBy keeping the same price for light as the lager, breakeven in dollar amount is almost $10,000,000 which then translates into 100,473 barrels. Within two years, Mountain Man Light will have to produce almost $10,000,000 in sales and sale 20% of what Mountain Man Lager has worked almost a century to sale. As for the market share, Mountain Man Light will need to gain a 26% of the market share in 2 years to break even. This seems very unrealistic since the leading brand light beer now consumers 32. 9% and the second leading brand holds 17. 8% of the market. Mountain Man Light will have to become the second leading brand in the market within only 2 years (assuming that the sales of â€Å"light beer† continue to grow annually by 4%). CANNIBALIZATION RATEBecause Mountain Man Lager produces so many units and produces such high sales already, the difference in cannibalization of 5% to 20% is pretty significant (almost 1,000,000). Two year contribution with a 5% cannibalization rate is $32,895,226. 2 compared to $31,988,859. 59 with a 20% cannibalization rate. This is a major loss in sales of the Mountain Man Lager. If cannibalization is inevitable, the lower percentage of cannibalization is the best option, it yields a higher contribution. Anything above 20% is unnecessary and definitely not worth introducing the Mountain Man Light. BUDGET FOR THE LAUNCHThe budget of $750,000 added onto the $900, 000 already annual cost of SGamp;A costs is not appropriate. Not only is it adding that money onto the annual SGamp;A costs, it adds $4. 9 more per barrel in variable costs. Yet, the price of the light will still be the same as the lager. It will produce a 60% awareness level for Mountain Man Light, however, reduces the contribution margin by 16%; the price remains the same and cost of goods sold increases. Adding an expense like $750,000, a company should expect it to be better for the company. A 16% decrease in the contribution margin is not good for a company like Mountain Man that has its one specialty product in which it is known for. THE LAUNCHAlthough it is not recommended to introduce this Mountain Man Light because of the previous stated concerns, Mountain Man should not stop there and let the company fail. Mountain Man can take their $750,000 and introduce another beer just not a â€Å"light beer†. Keep the authentic, rugged brand image by introducing a different type of brew that will continue to appeal to the target market. Mountain Man should try to increase its target market with its original idea before it tries to introduce a new brand. If this is not ideal, the $750,000 can be spent on gaining, and retaining, a younger, beer drinking crowd. There is always a way to appeal to a younger crowd, Mountain Man needs to find the window of opportunity and take those consumers. With the high awareness of Mountain Man Lager by the younger beer drinker, however, Mountain Man could change their marketing strategy and discover a way to appeal to the younger market. | Contribution of Lager and Light Breakeven in Dollars and Units (Barrels) Market Share Cannibalization of 5% Cannibalization of 20% Mountain Man Brewing Company free essay sample Marketing Mountain Man Brewing Company Bringing the Brand to Light 1. Overview Mountain Man Brewing Company (MMBC, or the Client) is a family-run business in West Virginia that has experienced much growth since launching its flagship premium beer Mountain Man Lager (MMB) in 1925. Over the decades, brand loyalty, quality and brand awareness have been the cornerstones of the Client’s success – the importance of the MMBC brand among consumers has allowed the company to build its small but consistent market share in the East Central region (ECR), particularly in its home state, the only region it distributes in (7. % of the market with more than 50 million USD in revenue). 2. Challenges amp; Opportunities * Challenges MMBC currently faces a potentially identity-changing challenge: The traditional premium beer market has been declining at a compound annual rate of 4%, and MMB experienced a 2% decrease in revenue last year, the first drop in its entire history; accordingly, M MBC’s target aim is to recover from the 2% decrease in revenue that occurred in the prior year. We will write a custom essay sample on Mountain Man Brewing Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * Opportunities The light beer market – popular with younger drinkers – has also been growing at a CAGR of 4%. Although MMBC has been historically weak in the 35-years-and-under segment, there is opportunity to generate more sales by releasing a new Mountain Man Light Beer (MML) line to target this younger market. However, there is the risk of negatively impacting their current distribution of MMB through shelf-space cannibalization and higher costs; as well as the risk of alienating their core segment of older, blue-collar drinkers. . Analysis MMBC faces potentially losing more revenue at the current forecasted compound annual decrease rate of 2% – the projected decrease for MMB standalone in year-to-year net revenue from actual 520,000 barrels sold in 2005 (USD 50. 4 m) to 470,039 barrels (approximately USD 45. 6 m) by 2010 totals nearly 10% (see Exhibit 1). According to the key age demographics among beer drinkers, MMB’s customer segmentation is currently as follows: 6 4% for 45 years and up, and only 17% for 35 years and under. Yet the ECR breakdown for consumption by beer type is the opposite: 50. 4% for light and only 19. 7% for premium. Due to the overwhelming potential in the light beer market, we have prepared projections on growth in revenues and expenses for MMBC should they decide to move forward with brewing Mountain Man Light (see Exhibit 2A, 2B). * Making Mountain Man Lighter (and More Profitable) Considerations have been made regarding MMB remaining as a stand-alone product (again, see Exhibit 1). However, per the Client’s instructions, this report will focus on projected performance examining MMBC’s entry into the light beer market at their expected MMB reduction rate of 20%. According to our analysis, MML would still result in a significant increase in revenue within two years: With the new product mix, net income margin increases from an insignificant 0. 88% in MML’s first year to a robust 3. 7% by its second year (2007), even with considerations on the additional expenses that would go into launching a new product – manufacturing, advertising, general operating (see Exhibit 2A). Additionally, the projected MMB+MML sales volume after only two years would nearly match MMBC’s current volume level – 500,895 barrels to 520,000 – and would eventually overtake the 2005 figure in 2008; while standalone figures show a continuous decrease from the 2005 benchmark and eventually fall behind MML sales by 2011 (Exhibit 3). * Issues to Con sider The forecast for MMB +MML sales are promising. However, JAFREM must note significant issues to consider with the presented data: 1) Due to limited sales volume for the first six years, impact on COGS has not been taken into consideration; should the current production capacity levels be exceeded, additional inputs regarding CAPEX (for example, for new plants) will be necessary. 2) With the forecasted MML growth rate, the Client’s market share in the ERC amounts to 1. 5% after five years; MMB has not achieved this level after more than 50 years in the business and so considerations on the MMB reduction rate have also been provided (Exhibit 2B). 4. Recommendations Light beer is an attractive proposition for MMBC, especially with the decrease in the premium beer segment. Accordingly, ignoring the dynamic growth in the light segment is simply too much of an opportunity to let pass. In order to reduce the risks that come with launching MML (alienating core customers, promoting a failed product), we recommends the following measures: * To avoid losing brand equity at the consumer level for MMB, pilot the MML launch outside West Virginia, as this is MMBC’s strongest and most loyal market; should the testing prove successful, then consideration can be made on moving into West Virginia. Should the MML growth forecast not be realized after two years, return focus to MMB distribution at a national level; while advertising and sales at the grass roots level has been good for MMBC, there has been no attempt to reach a larger marketing through the traditional channel of television media. * Despite the expected decrease in the premium beer market, M MB still has potential to capture more market share by expanding its advertising activities and consumer base outside the ERC.

Free Essays on Conventional Air Defense

TODAY'S conventional air defense requires both air-to-air and surface-to-air weapon systems. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) typifies this with a balance of 300 air defense-capable fighters and 1,100 surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers in West Germany and the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg).1 Similarly, Britain's crucial air defense battle in the 1982 Falklands conflict demonstrated a balanced dependence on fighters and SAMs, with 31 Argentine aircraft destroyed by Harriers and 28 shot down by ship- and shore-based missiles.2 Fusing SAMs and fighters into an effective air defense team is a major challenge in a land theater when they are owned and operated by separate services, with the Air Force flying the fighter aircraft and the Army shooting the missiles. This joint air defense responsibility requires joint training that can meld both. systems into a coordinated, mutually supporting team. This training requirement is currently unfulfilled. Army and Air Force air defenders are training hard, but they are too often training separately for this joint mission. There must be integrated practice if our air defenders are to be successful. To build a case for the need for increased joint air defense training, we need to address the following areas: Current Army and Air Force air defense training. Risks of not training jointly. Benefits of joint training. Some possible fixes. Consider the analogy of a football team whose backfield and line always practice separately, never putting it all together before the first game. Although both team elements may consider themselves individually proficient, the team would certainly suffer significant execution problems when the backfield and the line played together for the first time. Hard scrimmaging as a whole team is vital to a team's preparation. Unfortunately, our air defense team, consisting of an Army front line and an Air Force backfie... Free Essays on Conventional Air Defense Free Essays on Conventional Air Defense TODAY'S conventional air defense requires both air-to-air and surface-to-air weapon systems. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) typifies this with a balance of 300 air defense-capable fighters and 1,100 surface-to-air missile (SAM) launchers in West Germany and the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg).1 Similarly, Britain's crucial air defense battle in the 1982 Falklands conflict demonstrated a balanced dependence on fighters and SAMs, with 31 Argentine aircraft destroyed by Harriers and 28 shot down by ship- and shore-based missiles.2 Fusing SAMs and fighters into an effective air defense team is a major challenge in a land theater when they are owned and operated by separate services, with the Air Force flying the fighter aircraft and the Army shooting the missiles. This joint air defense responsibility requires joint training that can meld both. systems into a coordinated, mutually supporting team. This training requirement is currently unfulfilled. Army and Air Force air defenders are training hard, but they are too often training separately for this joint mission. There must be integrated practice if our air defenders are to be successful. To build a case for the need for increased joint air defense training, we need to address the following areas: Current Army and Air Force air defense training. Risks of not training jointly. Benefits of joint training. Some possible fixes. Consider the analogy of a football team whose backfield and line always practice separately, never putting it all together before the first game. Although both team elements may consider themselves individually proficient, the team would certainly suffer significant execution problems when the backfield and the line played together for the first time. Hard scrimmaging as a whole team is vital to a team's preparation. Unfortunately, our air defense team, consisting of an Army front line and an Air Force backfie...

Homer, Shakespeare and Sophocles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homer, Shakespeare and Sophocles - Essay Example Hospitality is a prominent concept throughout the story. In book four, Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca in secret and begins to look for allies among his former employees. The opening of book four shows that Eumaeus is an industrious person. It tells of how he has built up the pig-sties through his own work, and that he above all of Odysseus' servants takes the best care of his animals, even going so far as to sleep with the pigs at night. He is also shown to be hospitable after the Greek fashion because he always sends the best of the hogs for the suitors, even though he is most likely not happy about doing it. He shows hospitality to Odysseus in beggar form, showing that he is compassionate and not proud. Later he prepares a second meal from one of the fat hogs that are normally reserved for the suitors, and in this his fairness is perfect, as he divides the meat into exactly equal portions. At this second meal he also presents a sacrifice to the gods, showing that he is pious as well. In drawing a comparison between xenia, piety, and morality, it is shown that the Greeks placed very high importance on the concept of hospitality to strangers and friends alike. As with many Greek choruses, the chorus in Antigone provides insight on the characters and plot of the play, and provides important cues that signal how the audience should feel about and relate to events and characters. In Antigone the chorus appears at pivotal moments to comment on what has occurred. Choruses also add meaning to a play because they are usually composed of a specific type of Greek citizen - for example in Antigone the chorus is made up of Theban elders. This adds meaning to the play because the elders were important for maintaining order in Greek cities, and for the king, their support is crucial - in fact Creon actively tries to win their loyalty. Throughout the play the chorus is torn between remaining loyal to Creon and the necessity of supporting divine law. In Antigone the chorus of Theban elders supports Creon at the beginning. They are loyal to Creon, and pledge their support (but not their approval) of Creon's plans. However, the chorus begins to change their stance when Creon tells Haemon that he intends to have Antigone executed. The chorus warns that because he is separating two people in love, Creon's actions may offend "[s]he against whom none may battle, the goddess Aphrodite". The members of the chorus are also city officials, therefore they must be pious, and withdraw support from a king who is out of favor with the gods. Later, when Tiresias warns of the gods' punishment they urge Creon to take his warning and bury Polyneices. The chorus ceases supporting Creon because he is close to losing the blessing and support of the gods. They advise Creon to take the only action which will allow him to remain in the gods' favor, and rejoice when he finally takes their advice, however at the end of the play they still judge that his a ctions have gotten him what he deserved: "By far is having sense the first part of happiness. One must not act impiously toward what pertains to gods. Big words of boasting men, paid for by big blows." Othello Othello is a Venetian general, courageous, intelligent, and skilled in battle. However, he is also socially insecure. Even though he shares religion,

Women Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Despite an encouraging upturn in women entrepreneurs in the past decade, much still needs to be done to overcome some specific factors that hinder us from actively participating in startup ventures. According to Casserly (2013), unleashing the power of women entrepreneurs can have a dramatic positive impact on a country’s economy. While the top ranking nations consistently performed well in sectors such as banking, education, and economic development, U.S remains at the top with the best indicators of good institutional foundations and a story dynamic entrepreneurial environment. The frequency and contributions of women-owned companies continue to rise in the U.S as reported by Casserly (2013). The same report indicates that between 1997 and 2013, the number of women-owned enterprises in the U.S increased by 59% while the number of businesses increased by 41%. This generated approximately $ 1.3 trillion in revenue as well as employing over 8 million people. Measures to encoura ge women to venture in entrepreneurship and accessing such opportunities easily are necessary to enable them obtain the needed financial capacity for startup businesses. Different nations have tackled these problems facing women entrepreneurs in various ways, but none of them has all the answers to the problems. Improving these situations. It is ideal for us to exchange good practices and experiences among different states.Access to financial support is one of the major problems facing us as women entrepreneurs today.

Total Knee Replacement Post Op Pain Management

Total Knee Replacement Post Op Pain Management To improve the quality and mobility of life, the most frequently used operative procedure is the total knee replacement. But it is necessary to administer the pain relief measures in the post operative period which would allow the ambulation and reduce the post operative complications. It is important to consider the pain relief options provided in the text with reference to the possible adverse affects in each case. Objective The main objective is the identification of the most suited method for the post operative pain control after the Total Knee Replacement Surgery. Methodology The random control trials executed on adult patients with the Total Knee Replacement Surgery was identified by going through the databases of MEDLINE, PUBMED, COCHRANE and CINAHL from the year 2000 to the present year. Results The patients involved in this study had pre operative and post operative osteoarthritis diagnosis. The continuous pain arising due to the arthritis can be eliminated by the total knee arthoplasty treatment. The use of femoral nerve blockade can be used to treat the pain after the total knee arthoplasty. Reduced oral opioid were taken in by the patients with primary, unilateral, noncemented total knee arthoplasty. These patients are also known to take less stool softener as a post operative measure and have increased mobilization. The patients poor health often resulted due to the obesity which led to a modifiable co-morbidity as was shown by the higher classification of the ASA. Conclusion Until now no adequate solution has been found to the pain after the Total Knee Replacement surgery. Although some consideration could be given to the combined femoral nerve block, the author however supports the use of multimodal approach in the control of postoperative pain in the TKR surgery. This method should be administered keeping in mind the clinical status of the individual patient, availability of skilled technicians and adequate equipment.Contents Page 1 Introduction Pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain, has been described as an unpleasant emotional and a sensory experience that is often connected to an actual or a potential damage or is a sense that may be described in terms of that damage (Merskey, 1986). Although much advancement have been made in the study of mechanisms and their treatment, still they scientists have been unable to find the appropriate solution to postoperative pains (Joshi and Ogunnaike, 2005). If the inadequate methods of relieving pains are administered, then this may cause damage to the physiological and psychological workings and the patient may need more time to recover and return to the daily life (Gottschalk and Smith, 2001; Joshi and Ogunnaike, 2005). The most dreadful consequence can be death itself. In addition patients are complaining about the post operative symptoms such as pain which results due to the anesthesia or any surgical procedure. It is also an established fact that a postoperative pain treated inadequately can inculcate into a chronic pain which may be not diagnosed properly and will lead to its negligence (Joshi, and Ogunnaike, 2005). The health care costs and the resources are required more in these cases (Phillips, 2003). It is important that steps be taken to improve the control of preoperative pain which is a much better option and will lead to the reduction of post operative morbidity. This will therefore increase the standard of health associated quality of life and will also benefit the health sector economically. Theory of Pain The Gate Control Theory was established by Melzack and Wall (1965), to explain the differences in the perceptions of the similar stimuli. These scientists believed in the existence of some sort of a gate in the spinal cord that would open in specific situations and allow the passage of the nerve impulses linked with the pain stimulation which was then read by the brain as a sensation of pain. They also believed that certain psychological factors such as the anxiety would also affect the degree of the opening of the gate. Therefore in order to minimize the pain the theory was based on the idea of closing this gate. According to the Gate Theory, it was possible to control the transmission of the pain impulses through a gating mechanism present along the nervous system. The pulses can move in both the direction both up and down the nervous system. This means that the whole nervous system is involved in the perception of the pain response (Suza, 2007). Physiology of Pain The basic process of the pain transmission is Nociception. According to Loeser and Treede (2008), the Nociception is the neural process of encoding and the process of noxious stimuli. The mechanical, thermal or the chemical changes when surpasses the set limit, then they can be detected by the nociceptors or the pain receptors. The nociceptors transmit a signal along the spinal cord after its stimulation, to the brain which is then perceived by the brain as a sensation of pain (McCaffery and Pasero 1999). Pathophysiology of pain The sympathetic nervous system is activated by the stress responses in which the body is alerted to the existing harm. This denotes that the stress responses are a protective measure by nature. Through the stress responses the damages like blood loss is minimized as well as the perfusion to the vital organs will be maintained, healing will be enhanced and prevention to infections will also be carried out (Singh, 2003). But if the pain is prolonged then harmful consequences may be caused to the multiple systems of the body. A calculated amount of the hormones are released by the endocrine system which are responsible for the conversion process and the utilization of the carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Excessive amounts of these hormones are released by the endocrine system when the person is under stress. These hormones include Cortisol, Growth hormone, Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, Antidiuretic hormone, Catecholamine and Glucagon. Tachcardia, fever, shock, increased rate of respiration and some severe results leading to death may be produced by the combination of the inflammatory process, endocrine and the metabolic changes. The stress responses are prolonged by the pain and physical changes and may severely affect the recovery of the patient from the situation of trauma (McCaffery and Pasero, 1999). The sympathetic nerves system is activated as a response to the stress by the cardiovascular system. A number of affects are caused by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the post operative period, such as; increase in the heart rate, hypercoagulation due to the decrease in the fibrinolysis, blood pressure, oxygen demand and a cardiac workload. Major impacts of the hypercoagulation may be seen on the morbidity and the mortality as these may be connected to the infarction, irregular angina and myocardial ischemia. The risks of pulmonary embolism may be increased due to the deep venous thrombosis (DVT) which is generally associated with the surgical procedures and an absence in the movement postoperatively. The respiratory system affects of the severe pain can be calculated in terms of the high inspiratory and expiratory residual capacity, tidal volumes and the alveolar ventilation. If the controlling measures applied to the postoperative pain are not adequate then the adverse respiratory affects can convert to severe pulmonary complications in the form of atelectasis and pneumonia (McCaffery and Pasero, 1999). The urine outputs, electrolyte balance, other fluids are regulated by the hormones in the Genitourinary System. These hormones also control the blood volume and the pressure. These hormones may include ADH, cortisol, angiotensin II, catecholamine, prostaglandins and aldosterone. If the pain is not relieved then it may lead to the excess release of the hormones which can cause the water and the sodium ions to be retained, the functional extracellular fluids are decreased with the fluids being moved to the intracellular compartments and the excess excretion of the potassium ions. Among the harmful effects are: decrease in the urinary output, increase in the cardiac workload, urine retained, hypokalemia, hypertension and the overloading of the fluids (McCaffery and Pasero, 1999). The activity of the sympathetic nervous system is increased due to the stress responses which affect the Gastrointestinal System, increase in the smooth muscle sphincter tone, intestinal secretion and the decrease in the gastric disposal and intestinal motility. These may lead to the gastrointestinal function to be temporarily impaired (McCaffery and Pasero, 1999). The pain in the Musculoskeletal System may lead to the impairment of the muscle function, muscle spasm, immobility and fatigue. The short and the long term recovery can be affected by the inadequate control of the pain after the execution of an orthopedic surgery as this may create interference in the patients performance of the physical therapy exercises (Choy, Bandar, Scott and Dockets, 2010). The hospital stay for the patient may be prolonged as a result. The time duration spent by the patient in the hospital indicates the patients satisfaction level. Patients who had a short stay were found to be more satisfied as compared to those with longer hospital stay. The Immune function can be suppressed by the pain (page 2000) which will make the patient more vulnerable to postoperative infections such as pneumonia, sepsis and the wound infection. The severe acute pain or the pain which is prolonged can affect the Cognitive function which will make the patient to undergo some behavioral changes such as the increased sensitivity to the external stimuli like light and sound. Individuals may react by withdrawing themselves form interpersonal interactions and an increased indulgence in ones self concern (NHMRC, 2005). If the pain is not relieved the patient may experience a loss of control over the environment such as the expression of anger and resentment which may make the patient believe that the treatment is being delayed (Joshi and Ogunnaike, 2005). Postoperative pain control The surgical pain should be appropriately managed owing to the negative effects that it has on the physical and the psychological system of the postoperative patient. The following methods have been applied in the Total Knee Surgery in the practice area of the author in the area of orthopedic surgery: Systemic Opioids The treatment of moderate and acute pain can be done through opioids which is still the main systemic analgesia. Titration is needed to estimate the individual needs as the opioids requirements differs from one patient to another with respect to dosage. The most effective pain relievers are the opioids but they are generally not desired by the patients or the doctors due to the wide ranging adverse effects (NHMRC, 2005). Paracetamol To treat the post operative pain, paracetamol was introduced as an analgesic and antipyretic. The use of opioid was reduced by 20-30% by the usage of paracetamol and the level of patient satisfaction was also increased. The postoperative pains are also affectively dealt with the combination of Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the opioids. The NSAIDs are effective analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics. The NSAIDs are also helpful in reducing the usage of opioid, but the adverse effects associated with this drug has made the clinicians extra careful when using it. The method in which the patient can administer the analgesics as needed is referred to as the Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA). Although this term may be more frequently associated with the programmable infusion pumps that administer the dose for the opioid medication intravenously (Morgan, et al. 2006). The cumulative doses of the drugs are decreased in comparison to the continuous epidural infusion by the usage of Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia which contains Bupivacaine and Fentanyl. This may be done without any difference seen in the side effects or the relief of pain. The duration of the postoperative analgesia is extended beyond the duration which is generally available in a single injection by the help of Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blockade (CFNB). The technique utilized in the nerve location, the typology of the continuous catheter, local anesthesia, equipment and the management is some of the technical issues that are brought under consideration. The CFNB is sometimes referred to as the 3-in-1 due to the triple benefits that it offers as when it the catheter is positioned in the femoral nerve sheath, it will allow the penetration of the local anesthesia to the lateral femoral cutaneous, the obturator nerve and the femoral nerve block (NHMRC, 2005). Total Knee Replacement (TKR) The patient suffering from acute pain and unstable knees, in order to gain a pain relief and a functional movement, requires a total Knee replacement surgery. Prophylaxis and early mobilization can reduce the complications and morbidity caused after the surgical procedures. Prophylaxis According to Palmer (2010), in the absence of prophylaxis there was an occurrence of 40-88% of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after the TKR. According to Palmer several methods can be applied to reduce these risks such as low dose of warfarin, mechanical compression stockings, heparin of low molecular weight and aspirin. Mobilization A rapid recovery to the normal functions after surgery can be done through postoperative mobilization. If the postoperative pain is not relieved then it will lead to late mobilization which will increase the DVT risks, chest infection and pulmonary embolism. If the chest infection is concurred, then the static secretions will lead to atelectasis and pneumonia (Bone and Joint, 2009). 3 Methods The method of study was primarily based on the extensive literature review of the publications which were related to the management of postoperative pains in adults who have undergone Total Knee Replacement Surgery. The method was more preferred by the author due to limited clinical access to the patients as the author is an international student. This method was also chosen under the light of the statement by Aveyard (2007), who said that the literature review is able to provide a complete picture and helps in forming a systematic approach towards the studys answer. Therefore the study will include as many options available from the literature review as possible. Search strategy The Cardiff Universitys electronic database was used as the source to gain data on the most effective method used in the post operative pain control after the Total Knee Replacement Surgery. The search gave 246 hits with the keywords used such as Pain, Analgesia, Anesthesia, postoperative and Knee. Among these results the author selected the most relevant options with the help of Medline Ovid. The search was limited to the English language due to convenience in understanding this language as compared to the others and included results from the year 2000 to the present. The appendix 1 shows the details of the research strategy. Scope of the study The inclusion of the data in the study was based on adult human beings and total knee replacement surgery. The pediatric and other surgical specialties were not included in the research as was the study involving non human subjects. Data collection The MEDLINE, PUBMED, COCHRANE and CINAHL were the primary source of information. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria were used in the judging of the key methodological points considered in the Randomised Control Trials (PHRU, 2006). Data analysis In the published materials, broad themes were identified and studied with the most common and frequently used methods of pain relief resulting for the Total Knee Replacement Surgery were compared and analyzed with each other. The adverse effects of these methods were also considered in the analysis. The results were analyzed under the CASP (PHRU, 2006) criteria which was developed by the Center of Evidence based Medicine (CEBM, 2011). The appendix 2 shows the appraisal sheet. 3 Results (Review of the literature) A double blinded Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted by Kardash et al (2007), for the comparative analysis of the obturator with the femoral nerve block used for the analgesia after the Total Knee Replacement surgery. This was done by using at the surgerys end the spinal anesthesia with the femoral, obutrator or the placebo nerve block. The study consisted of 60 patients who were divided in treatment groups of varying sizes. The participants and the collectors were not aware of this allocation at all. All the patients were present in the study except for one patient who was removed from the study due to the confusion of the patient in the recovery room postoperatively. The patients were given a follow up after 48 hours of post surgery. The pain scores were found to be lowered after the femoral nerve block as compared to the obturator nerve block. But no difference was found in the groups after 48 hours related to pain or baseline among the groups. There was an absence of a sign ificant difference between the groups with the pain score of p=0.03 as an option. This would favor mobilization of the femoral block over the obturator block. The data is widely represented as shown by the demographics of the total knee replacement population. The findings could not be generalized owing to the small size of the groups. A prospective randomized placebo controlled single blind study was executed by Macalou (2004). The assigning of the patients into three groups was done randomly through envelops given to the patients. A femoral nerve block (FNB) was given to group 1 while combined and selective obturator nerve block, FNB=33 was given to the group 2. The group 3 was given the placebo FNB (n=28) with a total of 90 patients enrolled in the study. The three groups demonstrated no significant demographic differences. All the participants were present in the study without any dropouts and there was no failure of the block experienced which makes the study even more valid. In the first 6 hours the patients were monitored postoperative. The administration of the Patient Controlled Analgesia was initiated post anesthesia without the recording of any symptoms of pain in the first 6 hours. The study follow ups are from 24 to 48hours which means that the duration of the study of 6 hours is not sufficient to obtain any conclusions. 3 tables and 1 graph presented the study. The results obtained in the first 6 hours after the surgery showed the morphine boluses given through the PCA were consumed in a lesser number in group 2 as compared to the group 1 and 3 (P0.05). The ITM group showed an increase in the occurrence of nausea, pruritus and vomiting. About 20% of the patients in the ITM group in the follow up satisfactory survey rated their anesthetic experience as not satisfactory. These were considered in comparison with none in the FNB group (P=0.035). The validity and reliability of the study was enhanced by the reporting of the P value and the confidence interval. Equal amounts of the postoperative analgesia were experienced but the fewer side effects were seen in the FNB group such as nausea, itching and vomiting. Less level of satisfaction was observed among patients receiving T morphine. However the interventions were not sufficient to provide the completed postoperative analgesia. A randomized controlled trial was conducted by Davies in 2004, in which the 60 patients who underwent unilateral primary total knee replacement surgery were included in one of the two study groups. The continuous epidural analgesia was given to the group 1 until a single shot combined with sciatic plus femoral which is available in 3 in 1 combined block. The research used a random number generator, Arcus Quickstat version 1.0, to divide the participants in groups in which a third party would store the codes in sealed and opaque envelopes which would reduce the chances of bias (Parahoo, 2006). The exclusion of the patients was done on the following basis: local anesthesia, ASA>3, neuraxial blockage or the use of tourniquet, contraindications to use the non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, pain poly analgesia. The criteria used for the exclusion seemed to be correct. All the participants were present in the study and in the conclusion. The failure to locate the epidural space led to the exclusion of one patient. After the exclusion the analysis was done but no difference in the results were seen in the analysis on an intention to treat the basis. The data collection was done in a similar manner and the follow up was carried out. A performance bias was created by the inconsistencies. The analysis of the patients was done for the pain assessment after 48 hours postoperatively with the use of a visual analog VAS. The power analysis was used to determine the sample size, obtained from a lower limb neural block study which showed the 10mm VAS difference. A risk of 0.05 was obtained in group A and a risk of 0.2 was obtained in group B. a minimum of 24 patients would be sufficient for the study. In each group 30 patients were however recruited to make up for the incomplete data collected and to make sure that the validity was ensured. 3 tables and 3 graphs were used to demonstrate the results. An absence of a statistical difference between the two groups was seen in the two groups for the block insertion time (P=0.92). The dose given for the fentanyl was to be same. In both the groups the score for the pain was higher than 24 and 48 hours. A greater number of the patients were found in the epidural group with the completed recovery of the analgesia. There was no pain reported in the 0.23 of 39 patients when a movement was attempted as compared to the 16 out of 30 patients form the block group. The scores of the level of satisfaction were found to be high in both the groups with an increased tendency of the statistical significance which was found to favor the block group at 48 hours. The validity of the study was increased with the discussion of the P value and the confidence interval. A practical alternative to the epidural analgesia was offered by the combined block for the total knee replacements. The results can be applied to the clinical setting.

Regional American Literature :: essays research papers

Journal Entry: Regional American Literature & the South   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regional American Literature seems to deal with specific areas and their culture. Culture has evolved throughout the years. Using the South as an example, its culture was clearly defined before the Civil War. The South was comprised mostly of slaves working hard picking cotton until their fingers bled for no pay, white supremacist slave owners quick to bludgeon at the slightest sign of insurgence and the rest of the populace unsure of which side they belong. Blacks were looked at as possessions, not allowed to learn how to read or write, sleeping in dark, damp shacks dirtier than animal stables, beaten and raped at their owner’s whim. Today, though the South still has an air of contempt that has carried itself through generation after generation of confederate pride, a new generation has a mind of its own believing that life is better lived in harmony. Our grandparents, mothers and fathers may still reference the African-Americans as â€Å"niggers,† but the phrase makes the children of the 21st century’s skin crawl. For example, my mother-in-law came for a visit and said, â€Å"The Smith’s house was bought by a bunch of niggers. There goes the neighborhood. All of our houses are worthless now.† Her son and I are adamantly against racism. Their attempt to taint their children’s belief system by implanting white supremacist ideals has failed. A new generation is born; a generation which better understands the melting pot that America has always been. Instead of â€Å"white pride,† it’s just pride; pride in being an American. I believe this generation, being the so over-exposed to a wealth of media and knowledge, has drastically altered the regional literature of the South and for that matter, the United States as a whole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And how can adults operating under the â€Å"old southern principals† raise their children to value education and become doctors, lawyers and leaders of corporations. Maybe the parents didn’t teach the children this drive for education? Maybe it’s their peer discussions and television programming showing them that there is an abundance of opportunities outside of being a farmer, beer truck driver or a stay-at-home mother right out of high school. Television has been and continues to be a powerful tool in getting the word out to those underprivileged children living in poverty with seemingly no hope for a better life. Television is also assisting

Noli Me Tangere Essay

During the gloomy winter of Berlin -Rizal was famished, sick, and despondent. -Notwithstanding his empty stomach, his painful coughing, and his despairing spirit, he continued writing his first novel. -He finished the novel on February 21, 1887 It was the Noli Me Tangere. His first novel. *Idea of Writing A Novel on Philippines* – His reading Harriet Beecher Stowe’s uncle Tom’s Cabin. which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate negro, slaves, inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel on the Philippines. -He was then a student in the Central University of Madrid. -In a reunion of Filipinos in the house of the paternos in Madrid on January 2, 1884. -Among whom were the paternos (Pedro, Maximino, and Antonio), Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre, Eduardo do de lete, Julio Llorante, and Valentin Ventura. *The Writing of the †Noli.†* -Toward the 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one –haft of it. -He went to Paris in 1885, after completing his studies in the Universidad Central de Madrid. -He wrote the last fourth of the novel in Germany. -During the dark days of December, 1886. -He wrote to his friend, Fernando Canon; â€Å"I did not believe that the Noli Me Tangere would ever be published when I was in Berlin, heart-broken weakened, and discouraged from hunger and deprivation. -In mid-December, a telegram Barcelona arrived. -It was sent by Dr.Maximo Viola. *The Man who Saved the â€Å"Noli.†* -The first edition of the Noli was printed in Berlin in 1887. -The cost of printing was 300 pesos (advance by Vioa) for 2,000 copies. – A dedicatory autograph as follows: â€Å"To my dear Friend, Maximo Viola , the first to read and appreciate my work – Jose Rizal, March 29, 1887, Berlin.† -This Date- March 29, 1887, is a significant date for it was when the Noli Me Tangere came off the press. *The Title of the Novel.* -The title Noli Me Tangere, isa a latin phrase which means â€Å"Touch me Not.† -Rizal, writing to Felix R. Hidalgo in French in March 1887. -It should be the Gospel of st. John (chapter 20, Verses 13 to 17). *The author’s Dedication.* -Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines – â€Å"To My Country.† *Synopsis of the â€Å"Noli†* -The Novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue. -It Begins with a reception given by Capitan Tiago (Santiago de los Santos) -at his house in Calle Analoague ( now Juan Luna Street) on the last day of October. -This Reception or dinner was given in honor of Crisostomo Ibarra. -Among the guests during the reception were Padre Damaso, a Franciscan friar who had been parish priest of San Diego (Calamba). -Padre Sibyla, a young Dominican parish Priest of binondo. -Senior Guevara, an elderly and kind lieutenant of the Guardian Civi. -Don Tiburcio de Espadania, a bogus spanish Physician , lame, and henpecked husband of Donia Victorina; and several ladies. -During the dinner the conversation on Ibarra’s studies and travels abroad. -Padre damaso was in bad mood because he got a bony neck and hard wing of the chicken tinola. -Ibarra left capitan tiago’s house to return to his hotel. -Don Rafael’s father was a rich and brave man. -He visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart. -Ibarra was angered by the grave-digger’s story. -Ibarra’s left the cemetery . on the way, he met padre salvi, Franciscan parish priest of san Diego. -In his town, Ibarra met several interesting people , such as the wise old man Tasio the sage. â€Å"Tasio the Lunatic.† -Governadoroillo, who catered to wishes of the Spanish parish priest; Don Filipo Lino, teniente mayor and leader. -Don Melchor, the captain of the cuadrilleros (town Police). -Capitan tiago, Maria Clara and aunt Isabel who took care of Maria Clara, after mother’s death arrive in san diego. -Ibarra and his friends gave a picnic in the lake. -Among those present in the picnic, were Maria Clara and her four girl friends, â€Å"the merry sinang, the grave Victoria, the beautiful Iday, and the thoughtful Neneng.† –